for wreaths

κάλᾰμος [pron. full] [κᾰ], ὁ,

A reed, used for thatching or wattling, Hdt.5.101, al., Th.2.76; for wreaths,

κ. λευκός Ar.Nu. 1006

(anap.); for bedding, Plu.Lyc.16; for fuel, PCair.Zen.85 (iii B.C.); various species, κ. εὐώδης, ἀρωματικός, sweet flag, Acorus Calamus, Thphr.HP4.8.4, 9.7.1, Od.33, Dsc.1.18; κ. αὐλητικός pole-reed, Arundo Donax, Thphr.HP4.11.1, 9; κ. εἰλετίας marram, Ammophila arundinacea, ib.13; κ. ἐπίγειος bush-grass, Calamagrostis epigeios, ibid.; κ. Ἰνδικός bamboo, Bambusa arundinacea, ibid., Dsc.5.92, PLond.2.191.11 (ii A.D.), Gp.2.6.23, cf. Hdt.3.98; κ. Ἰνδικὸς ὁ ἄρρην male bamboo, Dendrocalamus strictus, Thphr.HP4.11.13; κ. κύπριος, = δόναξ, Asclep. ap.Gal.12.414; κ. πλόκιμος spear-grass, Phragmites communis, Thphr.HP4.11.1; κ. Χαρακίας, Arundo Donax, ibid.

II applied to various uses,

1 reed-pipe, flute, Pi.O.10(11).84, N.5.38, E. El. 702 (lyr.), IT 1126 (lyr.).

2 fishing-rod, Pl.Com.11, Theoc. 21.43, Luc.DMort.27.9;

κ. ἁλιευτικός Arist.PA 693a23

.

3 limed twig used by fowlers, BionFr.10.5, Aesop.171, 296.

4 shaft of an arrow, Ptol.Alm.7.5; made of κ. τοξικός, or Κρητικός, Thphr.HP4.11.11.

5 reed-pen, LXXPs.44(45).1, 3 Ep.Jo.13, Plu.Dem.29, Luc. Hist.Conscr.38;

κάλαμοι γραφικοί PGrenf.2.38.7

(i B.C.);

κ. γραφεῖς Poll.10.61

.

6 measuring-rod, Apoc.11.1, al.: hence, a definite measure, IG9(1).61.50 (Daulis, ii A.D.); = 5 πήχεις, Hero *Geom.4.11; = 6 2/3 πήχεις, ib.23.13.

7 Medic., tube for insufflation, Aret. CA1.9, Asclep. ap. Gal.12.985; for fumigation, Dsc.Eup.1.56; for extraction, Cels.7.5.2; also, splint, Pall.in Hp.Fract.12.282 C.

8 ornament of female dress, AP6.292 (Hedyl.).

9 stake to which vines were tied, PFlor.369.4 (ii A.D.), Jul.Or.3.125b, etc.

III collectively,

1 reed, i.e. reeds, Arist.Mete. 359b1, POxy.742.2 (i B.C.), etc.: in pl., reed-beds, Plb.3.71.4.

2 of plants, which are neither shrub nor bush ([etym.] ὕλη), nor tree ([etym.] δένδρον), X.An.1.5.1.

3 mat of reeds, Pl.R. 372b; roof of reeds ([place name] Coan), Hsch.

IV = καλάμη, stalk of wheat, X.Oec.18.2.

V ὁ κ. τοῦ σκέλους the shinbone, Sch.Luc.VH1.23.

VI ticket for obtaining corn-rations, = tessera frumentaria, Gloss. (Cf. Lat. culmus, OHG. halm, etc.)

στεφᾰν-ίτης [ῑ], ου, ὁ,

A of or consisting of a crown: σ. ἀγών a contest in which the prize was a crown, X.Mem.3.7.1, Isoc.15.301 (pl.), D.20.141 (pl.), Lycurg.51 (pl.), Ister 60b, Lync. ap. Ath. 13.584c, SIG577.55 (Milet., iii/ii B.C.), OGI231.14 (Magn. Mae., iii/ii B.C.), Plu. 2.820d, etc.; written [suff] στεφᾰν-είτης, IG12(8).190.41 (Samothrace, i B.C.).

2 later, of persons, wearing a wreath, as magistrates or as victorious athletes, Supp.Epigr.7.3 (Susa, i B.C.), Sammelb.4224.9 (i B.C.), CIG 2931 ([place name] Tralles), IG14.1054 (Rome, ii A.D.), BSA26.166 (Sparta, ii A.D.).

3 σ. φόρος, v.l. for στεφανιτικός, J.AJ12.3.3.

II fem. [full] στεφανῖτις, ιδος, for wreaths, μυρσίνη Sch.Il.17.51.

2 ἡ ς. (sc. ῥαφή) sutura coronalis, Poll.2.37.

3 a kind of vine, Plin.HN 14.42.

λύγος [ῠ], ἡ, also ὁ, Longus 3.27 codd.:—

A = ἄγνος, agnus castus, Vitex Agnus-castus, withy: in pl., its twigs or withes, τοὺς [the rams]

συνέεργον ἐϋστρεφέεσσι λύγοισι Od.9.427

, cf. 10.166, E.Cyc. 225, etc.; in

δίδη μόσχοισι λύγοισι Il.11.105

, λύγοισι is the specific word added to the generic μόσχοισι (cf. σῦς κάπρος, ἴρηξ κίρκος, etc.): in late Prose, Arr.Fr. 153 J.; used for wreaths,

στεφανοῦται λύγῳ Anacr.41

; cf. λύγινος.

II λυγῶς (sic cod., fort. λυγός) screw-press used by carpenters, Hsch. (but perh. λυγῶ<δε>ς).

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc voc sg

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem gen pl (attic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc voc sg

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem gen pl (attic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres imperat act 2nd sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic)

στέφανος, ου, ὁ (s. next entry; Hom.+)

① a wreath made of foliage or designed to resemble foliage and worn by one of high status or held in high regard, wreath, crown. Hs 8, 2, 1ab. Jesus’ ‘crown of thorns’ Mt 27:29; Mk 15:17; J 19:2, 5; GPt 3:8 (on the crowning w. thorns and mocking of Jesus s. FCumont, AnalBoll 16, 1897, 3ff; LParmentier, Le roi des Saturnales: RevPhilol, n.s. 21, 1897, 143ff; PWendland, Jesus als Saturnalienkönig: Her 33, 1898, 175–79; WPaton, ZNW 2, 1901, 339–41; SReinach, Le roi supplicié: L’Anthropologie 33, 1902, 621ff; HReich, D. König m. der Dornenkrone 1905 [=NJklA 13, 1904, 705–33]; HVollmer, ZNW 6, 1905, 194–98, 8, 1907, 320f, Jesus u. das Sacäenopfer 1905; KLübeck, Die Dornenkrönung Christi 1906; JGeffcken, Her 41, 1906, 220–29; KKastner, Christi Dornenkrönung u. Verspottung durch die röm. Soldateska: BZ 6, 1908, 378–92, ibid. 9, 1911, 56; TBirt, PJ 137,1909, 92–104; HAllroggen, Die Verspottung Christi: ThGl 1, 1909, 689–708; HZimmern, Zum Streit um die Christusmythe 1910, 38ff, Verh. d. Sächs. Ges. d. W., phil.-Hist. Kl. 70, 5, 1918, Pauly-W. second ser. II 1, 208; LRadermacher, ARW 28, 1930, 31–35; RDelbrueck, Antiquarisches zu den Verspottungen Jesu: ZNW 41, ’42, 124–45). On the wreath for the winner of an athletic contest (Aelian, VH 9, 31; TestJob 4:10; Tat. 11, 1; 23, 1; on the socio-cultural context s. APapathomas, NTS 43, ’97, 225–33), cp. the imagery relating to a heavenly reward 1 Cor 9:25; 2 Cl 7:3 (s. 3 below).—Apart from recognition of athletes and winners of various kinds of competitions, in the Gr-Rom. world the awarding of a crown or wreath signified appreciation for exceptional contributions to the state or groups within it (s. the indexes in ins corpora, and lit. cited at the end of this entry; cp. SEG XXXII, 809, 3f). The recipients were usually public officials or civic-minded pers. serving at their own expense (s. New Docs 7, 240 and the entries beginning λειτουργ-; s. MBlech below). In Rv the (golden) crown is worn by beings of high rank (divine beings w. a golden crown: PGM 4, 698; 1027; the high priest w. the στ. χρύσεος: Jos., Ant. 3, 172; the king 17, 197; MParca, ASP 31, ’91, 41–44 on the radiant crown in antiquity [cp. PKöln VI, 245, 14]): by the 24 elders 4:4, 10 (perh. the gold crowns or wreaths of the 24 elders simply belong to the usual equipment of those who accompany a divine figure. Cp. Athen. 5, 197f the triumphal procession of Dionysus with 40 σάτυροι wearing golden wreaths; also the whole fantastic procession here described; s. also MGuarducci, Epigraphica 35, ’73, 7–23; 39, ’77, 140–42); also by the Human One (Son of Man) 14:14 (who at 19:12 wears the real head-dress of the ruler [s. διάδημα]. But s. 2 Km 12:30; 1 Ch 20:2; SSol 3:11); s. also 6:2; 9:7; 12:1 (στεφ. ἀστέρων δώδεκα, s. Boll. 99). In 1 Cor 9:25 ς. does double duty, first in ref. to an earthly crown and then to a heavenly one (cp. 2 Cl 7:3 and s. 3 below).—Ign. refers metaph. to the presbytery as ἀξιόπλοκος πνευματικὸς στέφανος a worthily-woven spiritual wreath IMg 13:1, but this pass. belongs equally in 2.

② that which serves as adornment or source of pride, adornment, pride, fig. ext. of 1 (Lycurgus 50 of brave Hellenes who died in behalf of freedom and whose ‘souls are the ς. of the homeland’; Hom., Epigr. 13, 1 ἀνδρὸς μὲν στέφανος παῖδες; Eur., Iphig. Aul. 193 Αἴας τᾶς Σαλαμῖνος στέφ.; Pr 12:4; 17:6.—Expr. denoting tender love: HSwoboda et al., Denkmäler aus Lykaonien etc. 1935 p. 78, no. 168) of the Philippians χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου Phil 4:1. (χαρὰ ἢ) στέφανος καυχήσεως prize to be proud of (Goodsp.; cp. Pr 16:31) 1 Th 2:19. S. IMg 13:1 at 1 above, end.

③ award or prize for exceptional service or conduct, prize, reward fig. (LXX; ApcEsdr 6:17, 21 p. 31, 26 and 31 Tdf.; as symbol of victory ANock, ClR 38, 1924, 108 n. 11). In 1 Cor 9:25 (ref. to incorruptibility) and 2 Cl 7:3 (s. 1 above) the ref. to crown or wreath is strongly felt, but in the pass. that follow the imagery of the wreath becomes less and less distinct, yet without loss of its primary significance as a symbol of exceptional merit (Ael. Aristid. 27, 36 K.=16 p. 397 D.: τῶν ἀθανάτων στ.; PSI 405, 3 [III B.C.]; Danker, Benefactor 468–71). Obj. gen. τ. δικαιοσύνης for righteousness (recognition of uprightness is a common topic in Gr-Rom. decrees; s. δικαιοσύνη 3a; on the implied exceptional character of the wearer of a crown s. LDeubner, De incubatione capitula duo, 1899, 26) 2 Ti 4:8 (on posthumous award s. New Docs 2, 50; cp. Soph., Phil. 1421f of glory after suffering). W. epexegetical gen. (this is the sense of στ. δικαιοσύνης EpArist 280; TestLevi 8:2) ὁ στέφ. τῆς ζωῆς (s. ζωή 2bβ) Js 1:12; Rv 2:10; cp. 3:11; ὁ τῆς ἀφθαρσίας στ. MPol 17:1; 19:2; ὁ ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στ. 1 Pt 5:4 (cp. Jer 13:18 στ. δόξης; La 2:15; cp. 1QS 4:7; 1QH 9:25; τῆς βασιλείας στ. Hippol., Ref. 9, 17, 4).—ἐλευθέριος στ. AcPl Ha 2, 31.—MBlech, Studien zum Kranz bei den Griechen 1982 (lit.).—Schürer III/1 103f, n. 60 (lit). Pauly-W. XI 1588–1607; Kl. Pauly III 324f; BHHW II 999f.—New Docs 2, 50. DELG s.v. στέφω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc /neut dat sg (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres part act masc /neut dat sg (attic epic doric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres ind act 3rd pl (epic doric ionic)

μυρρίνᾱ, μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres imperat act 2nd sg

μυρρίνᾱ, μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

μυρρίνᾱ, μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic)

μυρρίνᾱ, μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

μυρρίνᾱν, μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

μυρρίνᾱν, μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

μυρρίνᾱν, μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem acc sg (attic doric aeolic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 3rd pl (epic doric aeolic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: pres ind act 2nd sg

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem gen sg (attic epic ionic)

μύρσινος

of myrtle: masc /fem /neut gen pl (attic)

μύρσινος

of myrtle: masc gen pl (attic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

μυρρῐν-άω,

A long for myrtle-wreaths, which were the badges of certain offices, hence comically for ἀρχοντιάω, Sch.Ar.V. 857, Hsch.

φράσσω, [dialect] Att.

A

- ττω X.Cyn.2.9

, D.21.17, al.: [tense] fut. φράξω ([etym.] δια-) IG 22.1668.63, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔφραξα, [dialect] Ep.

φράξα Il.12.263

, Od.5.256, etc., [dialect] Att. inf.

φάρξαι IG12.371.20

, part. δια-φάρξας ib.373.251: [tense] pf.

πέφρᾰκα Ph.2.350

, later πέφρᾰγα ([etym.] περι-) Sch.Hes.Sc. 298: [tense] plpf.

ἐμ-πεφράκεσαν J.AJ12.8.5

:—[voice] Med., v. φράγνυμι; [tense] fut. φράξομαι ([etym.] ἐμ-) Luc.Tim.19: [tense] aor. ἐφραξάμην, [dialect] Ep.

φρ- Il.15.566

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. φραχθήσομαι ([etym.] ἐμ-) Gal.5.616;

φρᾰγήσομαι 2 Ep.Cor.11.10

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐφράχθην Il.17.268

, Pl.Ti. 84d: [tense] aor. 2 ἐφράγην [pron. full] [ᾰ], subj.

φρᾰγῇ Ep.Rom.3.19

, part.

φρᾰγείς Hero Spir.1.19

: [tense] pf.

πέφραγμαι E.Ph. 733

, etc.: [tense] plpf.

ἐπεφράγμην Luc.Sat.11

, [ per.] 3sg.

ἐπέφρακτο Hdt.7.142

:—Hom. uses no tense but [tense] aor. [voice] Act., [voice] Pass., and [voice] Med. The [dialect] Att. spellings πεφαργμένος and ἐφάρξαντο are given by Hdn.Gr.2.384, cf. IG12.ll.cc., and v. φαρκτός, ναύφαρκτος. [ᾰ by nature, for it does not become η in [dialect] Ion.]:— fence in, hedge round, hence with collat. notion of defence, secure, fortify, ῥινοῖσι βοῶν φράξαντες ἐπάλξεις having fenced the battlements with shields, Il.12.263; φράξε δέ μιν [τὴν σχεδίην] ῥίπεσσι he fenced it with mats, to keep out the water, Od.5.256;

ἀρκύστατ' ἂν φράξειεν A.Ag. 1376

;

φ. δέμας ὅπλοισι Id.Pers. 456

; ἔρνεσι φ. χεῖρα fill them full with wreaths of victory, Pi.I.1.66:—[voice] Med., φράξαντο δὲ νῆας ἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ they fencedin their ships, Il.15.566, cf. A.Th.63;

φραξάμενοι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν θύρῃσι Hdt.8.51

;

πύλας.. ἐφραξάμεσθα προστάταις A.Th. 798

; but ἐφράξαντο τὸ τεῖχος they strengthened it, Hdt.9.70: abs., strengthen one's fortifications, Th.8.35;

φ. πρὸς τὰς διαβάσεις Plu.Mar.23

;

φραξάμενοι

in battle-array,

Batr.166

:—[voice] Pass., φραχθέντες σάκεσιν fenced with shields, Il.17.268, cf. E.IA 826, etc.;

ἡ ἀκρόπολις ῥηχῷ ἐπέφρακτο Hdt.7.142

; of the Nile, to be embanked, Id.2.99: abs.,

πεφραγμένοι

fortified, prepared for defence,

Id.5.34

, Th.1.82; of a person, armed,

ἀσπιδίτης καὶ πεφρ. S.Fr. 426

: metaph., ἐλπίδος πεφραγμένος having the defence of hope, cj. in Id.Ant. 235 (cod. Laur, πεπραγμένος, cett. and Sch. δεδραγμένος).

II put up as a fence, φράξαντες δόρυ δουρί, σάκος σάκεϊ joining spear close to spear, shield to shield, Il.13.130; φράξαντες τὰ γέρρα having put up the shields as a close, thick fence, Hdt.9.61:—[voice] Med. πάγας ὑπερκότους ἐφραξάμεσθα cj. in A.Ag. 823.

2 σχάσασαι τὴν οὐρὰν καὶ φ., of dogs, X.Cyn.3.5.

III stop up, block,

τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.8.7

;

τοὺς ἔσπλους Th.4.13

;

τὰ παρασκήνια D.21.17

:—[voice] Pass., ὑπὸ ῥευμάτων φραχθείς [ὁ πλεύμων] Pl. l.c.;

πεφραγμένων τῶν πόρων Arist.Pr. 935b14

.

2 metaph., bar, stop,

τὸ ἡγεμονικόν Ath.4.157d

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ Ep.Rom.3.19

;

ἡ καύχησις αὕτη οὐ φραγήσεται εἰς ἐμέ 2 Ep.Cor. 11.10

.

μυρρίνᾱς, μυρρινάω

long for myrtle-wreaths: imperf ind act 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

μυρρίνᾱς, μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem acc pl (attic)

μυρρίνᾱς, μυρσίνη

myrtle: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἔρνος, εος, τό,

A young sprout, shoot, ὁ δ' ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος shot up like a young plant, Il.18.56, cf. Od.14.175 ;

οἷον δὲ τρέφει ἔ. ἀνὴρ ἐριθηλὲς ἐλαίης Il.17.53

, cf. Od.6.163 ; σκιεροῖσιν ὑφ' ἕρνεσιν (sic codd. Ath.)

οἰναρέοις Ibyc.1.5

; ἔ. δάφνης, δόνακος, ὕλας, E.Med. 1213,Hel. 183 (lyr.),Ba. 876 (lyr.).

2 in pl., wreaths worn by victors in games, Pi.N.11.29,I.1.29.

II metaph., scion, offspring, Id.N.6.37 (pl.), B.5.87,A.Ag. 1525(lyr.),Eu. 661, 666, S.OC 1108 (pl.), Sammelb. 4229.10 ;

Ἡρακλέος ἱερὸν ἔ. Theoc.2.121

;

ἔ. τῆς νηδύος E.Ba. 1306

; [κεράων] ἔ., periphr. for κέραα, Opp.C.2.210 ; of Delos, as having sprung out of the sea, Pi.Fr.87.2.

2 fruit, of the apple of Discord, Coluth.60,al.